Opening Hours
Daily: 10 A.M.–5 P.M.
Closed on Tuesdays
1151 Oxford Road
San Marino, CA 91108
Rare Books
E.L.H. : A journal of English literary history
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Daily: 10 A.M.–5 P.M.
Closed on Tuesdays
1151 Oxford Road
San Marino, CA 91108
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Manuscripts
7 items: 3-pp. copied from a magazine (?), "Where the padres erred," 5/31/1936 ; 4 sheets torn from Museum Alliance Quarterly, Summer 1967, "Tracking the founders of Los Angeles" ; tear sheets, Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly, Spring 1973, "Los Angeles, California... the question of the city's original Spanish name"; map of "The Old Spanish and Mexican Ranchos," copied from Los Angeles - the epic of a city, 1974 ; LAT clip, 9/4/1975, "L.A.'s founders should be honored for what they were--a racial mix"; tear sheets, Westways, 7/1976, "The Founding forty-four" (on the founders of L.A.) ; LAT clip, 9/16/1983, "Mexico's day little noticed."
mssLAT
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Manuscripts
This collection contains the personal and professional papers of American author Conrad Aiken. The collection includes his correspondence (chiefly letters addressed to him), dealing with his business and literary affairs, manuscripts of his works, with some photographs and ephemera. The manuscripts include poems published in "Skylight One" (1949), "The Divine Pilgrim" (1949), "A Letter from Li Po" (1955), "Sheepfold Hill" (1955), "The Morning Song of Lord Zero" (1963); "The Clerk's Journal: Being the Diary of a Queer Man" (1911)" a notebook (1911-1925) containing literary notes, addresses, etc. essays, notes, the first draft of Aiken's autobiography, etc. Correspondents include: Jane Aiken Hodge, Joan Aiken, John Aiken, Mary Augusta Hoover Aiken, William Ford Aiken, Rufus Blanshard, Brandt & Brandt (firm), D. G. Bridson, Edward John Burra, Horatio Colony, Malcolm Cowley, Richard Eberhart, T. S. Eliot, Jean Garrigue, Erich Heller, Dame Laura Knight, Seymour Lawrence, Malcolm Lowry, Grayson Prevost McCouch, Jay Martin , Henry Alexander Murray, Howard Nemerov, Allen Tate, Kempton Potter Aiken Taylor, Louis Untermeyer, and others. The collection includes: Manuscripts by Conrad Aiken: A wealth of original autograph and typescript drafts is to be found in the collection. The majority consists of manuscripts of poems published in Skylight One (1949), The Divine Pilgrim (1949), A Letter from Li Po (1955), Sheepfold Hill (1955), and The Morning Song of Lord Zero (1963) The Clerk's Journal: Being the Diary of a Queer Man (16 pp.; Jan. 9, 1911), an original autograph manuscript of the poem written for an English course at Harvard University (AIK 2798). The manuscript includes marginal comments by the instructor, Le Baron Russell Briggs, and is accompanied by the proof sheets for the 1971 edition and an early (1970)draft of Aiken's preface, entitled "A Short Memoir of Harvard, Dean Briggs, T. S. Eliot, in 1911" (AIK 3644) The Conversation; or Pilgrim's Progress (226 pp.; ca. 1940), the first type script of the novel. AIK 3393 Mr. Arcularis (1946 to ca. 1952), eleven drafts of the short story/play. In 1946 Diana Hamilton's dramatization of Aiken's short story was produced at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, London, under the title Fear No More. Deemed a failure by its producers, the play was revised. Hamilton, however, was suffering from brain cancer, so Aiken made the extensive changes leading to its production at the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., May 8-27, 1951. Following further revisions, the play was published by Harvard University Press in 1957. The collection also contains four versions of Hamilton's Fear No More. AIK 3774-3784 Nine Poems (9 pp.; 1952), typewritten manuscript with a few autograph corrections of a piece published in the Aiken commemorative issue of Wake, acquired by the Huntington in 1984. AIK 4714 Notebook (one volume; 1911-1925), containing literary notes, addresses, etc. AIK 3588 The Soldier (29 pp.; ca. 1945), the first draft of the poem, written in pencil in a composition book. AIK 3399 Time in the Rock (112 pp.; ca. 1936), the first draft of the poem, typewritten with numerous autograph revisions. AIK 3698 The Tinsel Circuit (33 pp.; 1916), the original version of a group of 19 poems. Aiken published slightly revised versions of the seven poems as "Vaudeville Suite" in the fall, 1955, issue of the Carolina Quarterly. Nine of the poems were later revised extensively and published in The Morning Song of Lord Zero (1963). AIK 3699 Ushant: An Essay (319 pp.; 1951-1952), Aiken's autobiography, the most important item in the collection . This is the first draft, with extensive autograph revisions in ink and pencil. Also, fragmentary notes for the autobiography (eleven pieces; ca. 1946); and Ushant: An Intermediate Fragment (7 pp.; 1952), a typescript draft with autograph corrections of the text published in the Aiken commemorative issue of Wake (acquired by the Huntington in 1984). (Volume 2: AIK 3401); 4187; 4715. II. Manuscripts by others Clarice (Lorenz) Aiken. Lorelei Two (18 pp.), outline of an autobiography by Conrad Aiken's second wife, acquired in 1984. AIK 4765. William Ford Aiken. Eighty-nine manuscripts of poems and essays by Conrad Aiken's father, a Savannah physician, amateur poet, and inventor. Included in his manuscripts is "Isolation," a poem found after the murder- suicide of Dr. Aiken and Anna Aiken (Potter) Aiken. AIK 2917-3003. Malcolm Cowley. "The Blown Door," typescript of poem in letter to Conrad Aiken, Nov. 5, 1955. AIK 327. Graham Greene. Typewritten reviews of Aiken's King Coffin and Great Circle. AIK 3410. Clarence Malcolm Lowry. "Spiderweb," "Alcoholic," "Dark Path," and "Sonnet," four early poems sent to Conrad Aiken, 1929. AIK 2489. ------ "The doom of each, said Doctor Usquebaugh ...," typewritten poem enclosed in a letter to Aiken, Apr. 9, 1940. AIK 2488. "Tom, by airmale," notes for a poem? AIK 2490. ------ Ultramarine (1 volume; ca. 1929), part of an early draft of the novel, with autograph revisions by Aiken. Also, three pages of notes for chapter one, and a single page of an early draft. (Volume 1: AIK 3381). ------ "Work for Conrad" (2 pp.; 1937), four poems written for Aiken. AIK 3418. ------ "To Seymour Lawrence" (16 pp.; Nov. 28- Dec. 4, 1951), corrected typescript of letter about Aiken published in the commemorative issue of Wake, acquired by the Huntington in 1984. AIK 4751. Correspondence Significant correspondents include: Mary Augusta (Hoover) Aiken (b. 1907) is Conrad Aiken's third wife, married in 1937. The collection includes 70 letters and one telegram from Mary to Conrad between 1936 and 1955, the majority written in 1947 while Mary was in Rye, Sussex, England, seeing to the sale of Jeake's House and reporting to Conrad at Forty-one Doors in Brewster, Massachusetts (AIK 3291-3361) . Also included are 190 letters from Conrad to Mary, written from 1936 to 1973, with most again dating from 1947. The lively exchanges provide insight into the Aikens' relationship as well as the details of day-to-day life in Rye and Brewster (AIK 3099-3288). Of special literary interest are Conrad's letters of 1939, which contain drafts of sonnets published in And in the Human Heart. William Ford Aiken (d. 1901). Of the many letters written by Conrad Aiken's father to various family members, the most interesting are 34 sent to his parents while he studied medicine in Europe in 1886-1887 (AIK 2827-2860). Brandt & Brandt, Aiken's American agents. Publishing and related literary business details regarding Aiken's works are covered in 36 letters to Aiken between 1934 and 1976 (AIK 153-180, 1655, 2008-2009, 3405-3406, 3921-3922, 4613) and in one letter to the firm from Aiken in 1958 (AIK 4174). Edward John Burra (1905-1976) , English surrealist painter who lived in Rye and was a close, life-long friend of Aiken's. Their warm, humorous correspondence is replete with personal and social details and anecdotes, covering the period from the 1930s to the 1970s in 200 letters by Burra (AIK 2197-2392, 3940-3942) and 109 by Aiken (AIK 2397, 3097-3098, 4266-4372). The collection also contains 3 letters to Jay H. Martin (AIK 4615-4617) from Burra. Malcolm Cowley (b. 1898). Sixty long, frequently humorous letters written from 1935 to 1973 reflect the warm Cowley-Aiken friendship. Cowley writes thoughtfully and at length on Aiken's poetry and on Ushant, and he records his outspoken comments on many literary matters relating to other authors, such as Faulkner, Hemingway, Eliot, Pound, Randall Jarrell, Delmore Schwartz, Thomas Wolfe, Malcolm Lowry, and others (AIK 328-377, 3969-3978). John Davenport (1908-1966), English reviewer of modern literature. The correspondence includes 18 letters by Davenport, 1935 to 1965 (AIK 392-409). Conrad Aiken's 72 letters, covering the same time period,are especially valuable for details of his literary and other activities during the 1940's (AIK 3789-3859, 4205). Highlights are long references to Malcolm Lowry and Under the Volcano, as well as mention of John Burra, Ezra Pound, and Aiken's Mr. Arcularis. Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965). A fine series of 65 letters, 1914-1963, to Aiken reflecting their close friendship (AIK 485-549). Of particular significance are the revealing and introspective early letters. This correspondence contains verses by the young Eliot, as well as his comments about his own writing and his opinions of Aiken's works. Later letters deal with literary business concerning Aiken's contributions to Criterion. Eleven letters by Valerie (Fletcher) Eliot, 1960-1970, include references to Eliot and Ezra Pound (AIK 550-559, 3987). Maurice Firuski (1894-1978)was a friend and classmate of Aiken at Harvard; in 1919 he became the proprietor of Dunster House Bookshop in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and later of Housatonic Bookshop in Salisbury, Connecticut. The 16 letters from Firuski (AIK 579-593, 3993) and an extraordinary series of 83 letters by Aiken between 1920 and 1973 reveal much concerning Aiken's personal and literary life (AIK 921-1002, 4407). Seymour Lawrence (b. 1926), editor and publisher of Wake, editor at the Atlantic Monthly Press, and founder and president of Seymour Lawrence, Inc. Eight letters (1948-1953) from Lawrence to Conrad and Mary Aiken chiefly concern the 1952 Aiken commemorative issue of Wake (AIK 696-703). A 1984 acquisition brought to the Huntington 33 letters from Aiken to Lawrence, 1952-1953 (AIK 4716-4748), as well as correspondence about the issue from Frederick Newton Arvin, Richard Palmer Blackmur, Archibald MacLeish, Marianne Moore, Walter Piston, and Edmund Wilson. Manuscripts submitted for the issue by Conrad Aiken and Malcolm Lowry are listed above in the Manuscripts section. Robert Newton Linscott (1886-1964), editor at Houghton Mifflin Company and Random House. Of the 40 lively, entertaining letters to Aiken, 1919-1961, those for the 1920s have particular value for the contemporary literary scene (AIK 704-742, 2805). Clarence Malcolm Lowry (1909-1957). The young Lowry became fascinated with Aiken's writing and visited him in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in August, 1929. In that year Aiken became Lowry's guardian, and the two remained close until Lowry's death. The collection contains important files of 53 letters (1929- 1954) from Lowry (AIK 2493-2538, 2540-2546) and 15 letters (1939-1954) written by Aiken (AIK 2549-2562, 4785). The correspondence attests to their long, close friendship and is excellent for personal and literary details of Lowry's life. Grayson Prevost McCouch, "Old Bird," Aiken's classmate from Middlesex School, Concord, and Harvard. Their long friendship is represented in 15 letters (ca. 1925-1977) from McCouch to Conrad and Mary Aiken (AIK 1108-1115, 4062-4067, 4629) and in 53 letters (1911-1973) by Aiken (AIK 4408-4458, 4835, 3875). David Merrill Markson (b. 1927), author and friend of Malcolm Lowry. There are 11 letters from Markson to Conrad and Mary Aiken (1954-1973; AIK 1136-1144, 4069-4070), and in 1984 the collection increased by 45 letters from Aiken to David and Elaine Markson (AIK 4786-4830). Much social and some literary news is recounted, and the early letters contain references to Lowry. Jay H. Martin (b. 1935). After seeking Aiken's advice about writing poetry, Martin became a close friend and later wrote a major critical study of Aiken. The correspondence includes 53 letters by Martin (AIK 1169-1219, 4072-4073) and 101 by Aiken dating from the early 1950s to 1970s and is interesting for Aiken's retrospective comments about his own poetry (AIK 4581-4582, 4482-4578, 4704-4705). John Orley Allen Tate (1899-1979). Personal and literary matters are discussed in 105 letters to Conrad and Mary Aiken written between 1949 and 1973 (AIK 1751-1843, 4132-4136, 4139-4141) and in a 1973 letter from Aiken to Tate (AIK 3876). The Sewanee Review is mentioned, as well as such literary figures as Eliot and Lowry. Kempton Potter Aiken Taylor (b. 1893), Conrad Aiken's brother, adopted in 1901 by Frederick Winslow Taylor. An intimate and revealing look at the brothers is provided in 62 letters (1912-1973) by Taylor (AIK 2878, 1841-1903, 2415-2417, 4144) and 106 letters (1931-1972) by Aiken (AIK 1904-2007, 2144-2145). Louis Untermeyer (1885-1977). These lively, often cordially disputatious letters between Untermeyer and Aiken feature frank and detailed analyses of their own and one another's work. Many other authors and literary matters are also dealt with, energetically and at length, in 52 letters (1919-1973) by Untermeyer (AIK 838-888, 4154) and in Aiken's 20 letters written between 1954 and 1969, acquired by the Huntington in 1982 (AIK 4679-4698). Additional correspondents of note: Leonie (Fuller) Adams, 12 letters and telegrams, 1948-1973. AIK 1-11, AIK 3385. James Agee, 1 letter, 1931. AIK 13. Martin Donisthorpe Armstrong, 5 letters, 1914-1929. AIK 47-51. Gordon Bassett, 5 letters, 1940-1951. AIK 74-78. John Berryman, 3 letters, 1953-1964. AIK 84-86. George Biddle, 7 letters, 1956-1969. AIK 89-94, 3912. Katherine Garrison (Chapin) Biddle, 12 letters, 1952-1973. AIK 2605-2613, AIK 3913-3915. Elizabeth Bishop, 3 letters, 1949-1950. AIK 96-98. Richard Palmer Blackmur, 5 letters, 1931-1961. AIK 100-103, AIK 4750. Rufus Anderson Blanshard, 18 letters, 1956-1973. AIK 104-120, AIK 3916. Maxwell Bodenheim, 7 letters, 1918-1919. AIK 127-133. Alain Bosquet, 9 letters, 1955-1962. AIK 137-145. Douglas Geoffrey Bridson, 16 letters, 1951-1973. AIK 192-204, AIK 3930-3932. Cleanth Brooks, 6 letters, 1953-1956. AIK 209-214. Van Wyck Brooks, 6 letters, 1921-1923. AIK 2625-2629, AIK 4614. Winifred Bryher, 4 letters, 1933-1951. AIK 218-221. Kenneth Duva Burke, 4 letters, 1964-1972. AIK 224-226, AIK 3937. Witter Bynner, 1 letter, 1955. AIK 236. Princess Marguerite Gaetani, 2 letters, 1948? AIK 1728-1729. Gordon Cairnie, 7 letters, 1951-1969. AIK 237-241, AIK 3946-3947. Huntington Cairns, 8 letters, ca. 1949-1973. AIK 242-248, AIK 3948. Horatio Colony, 16 letters, 1935-1973. AIK 292-304, AIK 3961-3963. Cyril Vernon Connolly, 2 letters, 1945-1947. AIK 308-309. Evelyn Dagnall (of A.M. Heath and co.), 12 letters, 1946-1952. AIK 1332-1343. Hilda Doolittle, 11 letters, 1933-1935. AIK 421-431. Edward Doro, 3 letters, 1971-1973. AIK 432-433, 3984. Richard Eberhart, 25 letters, 1943-1951. AIK 446-470. Luther Harris Evans, 5 letters, 1947-1953. AIK 561-565. John Gould Fletcher, 7 letters, 1931-1948. AIK 594-600. Ford Madox Ford, 1 letter, 1931. AIK 607. John Freeman, 6 letters, 1920-ca. 1930. AIK 611-616. Robert Lee Frost, 2 letters, 1922-1923. AIK 619-620. Jean Garrigue, 14 letters, ca. 1949-ca. 1973. AIK 2662-2675. Diana Hamilton, 4 letters, 1946. AIK 1737-1740. A.M. Heath and company, Ltd. (Aiken's English agents), 6 letters, 1947-1957. AIK 649-653, AIK 2680. Erich Heller, 16 letters, 1953-1973. AIK 1012-1025, AIK 4018-4019. Robert Silliman Hillyer, 4 letters, 1930-ca. 1949. AIK 659-662. Catharine Huntington, 7 letters, 1949-ca. 1974. AIK 2706-2709, AIK 4037-4039. Ernst and Eithne (Wilkins) Kaiser, 10 letters, 1954-1964. AIK 2715-2724. Neva Goodwin (Rockefeller) Kaiser, 22 letters, 1966-ca. 1974. AIK 1346-1364. Weldon Kees, 5 letters, 1949-1954. AIK 690-694. Harold and Dame Laura (Johnson) Knight, 25 letters, 1932-1963. AIK 1043, AIK 1045-1069. Alfred Kreymborg, 4 letters, 1919-1922. AIK 2726-2729. Alexis Saint-Leger Leger, 1 letter, 1958. AIK 2733. Amy Lowell, 5 letters, 1921-1922. AIK 744-748. Robert Traill Spence Lowell, 4 letters, 1947-1956. AIK 2735-2738. Archibald MacLeish, 4 letters, 1949-ca. 1955. AIK 750-752, AIK 4752. Katherine Mansfield, 1 letter, 1921. AIK 753. Harold Edward and Alida (Klemantaski) Monro, 10 letters, 1930-1935. AIK 754-763. Marianne Moroe, 6 letters, 1951-1952. AIK 4753-4758. Nicholas Moore, 4 letters, 1942-1947. AIK 1246-1249. Lawrence Quincy Mumford, 5 letters, 1955-1968. AIK 765-769. Lewis Mumford, 5 letters, 1952-1972. AIK 1253-1256, AIK 4080. Henry Alexander Murray, 32 letters, 1931-ca. 1974. AIK 2754, 1257-1284, AIK 4081-4083. Paul Nash, 13 letters, 1934-1945. AIK 2755-2767. Howard Nemerov, 17 letters, 1963-1973. AIK 1296-1311, AIK 4087. Charles Norman, 3 letters, 1945-1961. AIK 770-772. Norreys Jephson O'Conor, 2 letters, 1948-1952. AIK 1382-1383. Oxford University Press, 17 letters, 1949-1973. AIK 1387-1403, AIK 4090-4091. Charles A. Pearce, 7 letters, 1948-1951. AIK 1411-1417. Norman Holmes Pearson, 2 letters, 1952-1971. AIK 773-774. Clover Pertinez, 24 letters, 1948-1971. AIK 1422-1442, 2413-2414, AIK 1443-1448. Charles Horace Philbrick, 31 letters, 1958-1971. AIK 1455-1485. Walter Piston, 7 letters, 1931-ca. 1974. AIK 1491-1496, AIK 4759. Katherine Anne Porter, 1 letter, 1952. AIK 1512. Alfred Claghorn Potter, 27 letters, 1925-1940. AIK 1515-1541. Ezra Loomis Pound, 2 letters, 1914-ca. 1934. AIK 1554-1555. Ivor Armstrong Richards, 9 letters, 1966-1973. AIK 780-783, AIK 4100-4104. Edwin Arlington Robinson, 6 letters, 1922-1923. AIK 1581-1586. Robert Alden Sanborn, 1 letter, 1923. AIK 2782. Mark Scharer, 11 letters, 1946-1973. AIK 790-796, 4109-4112. Delmore Schwartz, 6 letters, 1942-1956. AIK 784-789. Karl Jay Shapiro, 14 letters, 1945-1953. AIK 802-814. Theodore Spencer, 5 letters, 1930-1948. AIK 816-820. Wallace Stevens, 2 letters, 1922-1952. AIK 825-826. John Lincoln and Maire Sweeney, 23 letters, 1955-1975. AIK 1674-1691, AIK 4126-4130. Thurairajah Tambimuttu, 11 letters, 1948-1972. AIK 828-836, AIK 1750, AIK 4131. James Thurber, 2 letters, 1951-1952. AIK 4761-4762. Mark Albert Van Doren, 1 letter, 1951. AIK 4763. Robert Penn Warren, 5 letters, 1960-1970. AIK 899-903. George B. Wilbur, 20 letters, 1922-ca. 1974. AIK 2111-2122, AIK 4162-4169. Oscar Williams, 6 letters, 1941-1964. AIK 905-910. William Carlos Williams, 4 letters, 1919-1952. AIK 911-914. Edmund Wilson, 4 letters, 1951-1954. AIK 916-918, AIK 4764. The collection also includes some audio recordings and films, photographs, ephemera, honorary awards, engagement books, financial records, publishing, theatrical and musical agreements, copies of reviews, and guardianship papers and receipts collected by Aiken's guardian.
mssAIK 1-4904
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Manuscripts
The collection consists of screenplays, literary manuscripts, correspondence, photographs, awards and ephemera of Hollywood screenwriter Sonya Levien. The papers consist of the following series: Screenplays (Boxes 1-16), while not consisting of Sonya Levien's total output of seventy films, does cover the entire span of her career, from A Girl of the Circus (1925) to Jeanne Eagels (1956). The screenplays also include a draft written by William Faulkner, Drums Along the Mohawk, Sonya's Oscar award-winning screenplay Interrupted Melody written with William Ludwig, and a final draft of Joseph and His Brethren written by Clifford Odets. Another script, A Woman of My Own, was a collaboration between Sonya Levien and Zoë Akins. Besides screenplays the series includes a novella written by Sonya entitled The Man Who Lived Alone, as well as, four engagement books for the years 1916, 1917, 1921 and 1924. The materials are filed alphabetically except for the oversized screenplays which are stored in Box 16. Correspondence and literary manuscripts (other than screenplays) (Boxes 17-30), are arranged alphabetically by author. They include some personal letters but are mainly business related. There are also business letters relating to the Metropolitan magazine and Carl Hovey as editor and correspondent. This series also includes original essays and articles written by Sonya Levien and others. Photographs (Box 31), are arranged by subject and date. Included are photos of Sonya Levien, covering the years c.1900-pre1961. This series also includes a large photo collection of American and British Suffrage Activists. Ephemera (Box 32) is arranged by folder number. It holds lists, clippings, concert programs, signed playbills, notes on the Suffrage movement and a guestbook. Awards (Box 33). The awards are the Christopher Award for Quo Vadis (1952), The Screen Directors Guild of America Award (1958), and, the first ever presented, Screen Writers Guild, Laurel for Achievement (1953). Awards Oversize (Box 34) are arranged alphabetically and by size. They include twelve "Box Office Blue Ribbon Awards" covering the years 1933 to 1956 for various films; the Interracial Unity Award for Cass Timberlane (1948); the Photoplay Magazine Award for Top Ten Box Office for The Green Years (1946); the mounted certificate of Nomination from the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts & Sciences for Interrupted Melody (1955); from Books & Authors for The Great Caruso (1951), and various awards from the Screen Writers of America (1951-1962). Ephemera & Photograph Oversize (Box 35) are arranged alphabetically and by size. It includes one oversize photograph (HM 74388), copies of the suffrage activist paper The Woman's Dreadnought, clippings about Sonya Levien's life and work, and various articles written by Sonya Levien or by Carl Hovey. 13. Artifacts (Box 36, not boxed) include the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Award (the "Oscar" statuette) for William Ludwig and Sonya Levien for writing the story and screenplay of Interrupted Melody (1955). Another artifact is a motion picture film of Sonya Levien and friends, ca. 1935-pre1961 (unedited master, edited copy and a VHS videotape copy). This collection has several strong subject points for the purpose of research. In the screenplay series there are instances of 2-3 drafts of a screenplay, enabling a researcher to trace the creative process of writing a movie script. The collection is also strong in the area of women's suffrage, with such materials as letters, photos, essays, articles and the suffrage newspaper the Woman's Dreadnought. The collection also contains the correspondence of Harold Marsh Harwood and Fryniwyd Tennyson Jesse which recounts life in England and surviving the Blitz during World War II. The collection does have some areas of weakness. There is a definite lack of Sonya Levien's personal correspondence as there is little mention of Sonya's children or her husband, Carl Hovey. There is also a lack of material dealing with Sonya's early life or her work as a lawyer. The collection does have several photos of Sonya as a child and photos of her Law School class but no manuscript material.
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Manuscripts
This collection contains the papers of English religious leader and author Annie C. Bill and consists of manuscripts, correspondence, and ephemera, chiefly dating from 1910-1936. ManuscriptsThere are 8,002 pieces of manuscripts, 6,044 of which are by Annie C. Bill. The manuscripts comprise of articles, drafts, essays, excerpts, notebooks, proofs, speeches, statements, and miscellaneous notes. The manuscripts with titles are arranged alphabetically by author and title; however, the majority of Bill's manuscripts that do not have titles so they are arranged alphabetically by the first line of the manuscript. In addition, the bulk of Bill's manuscripts are fragments that are drafts of her books and religious manuals. An item of interest is an unpublished manuscript contained in two volumes written by Daniel H. Spofford titled, "The First Six Lessons of Christian Science" and "The Last Six Lessons of Christian Science." In addition, there is a handwritten transcript of Mary Baker Eddy's private directions for treating the disease metaphysically. The subjects covered in the manuscripts section are: Christian Science, First Church of Christ, Scientist, (Boston, Mass.)., First Church of Christ, Scientist, (Boston, Mass.). Board of Directors, Fellowship of the Universal Design of Life, Mary Baker Eddy, 1821-1910, prohibition, religion and science, and signs and symbols. Correspondence There are 7,218 pieces of correspondence, 1,629 of which are by Annie C. Bill; most of her correspondence comprises of incomplete drafts of letters. The majority of the correspondence includes letters by her publisher, A.A. Beauchamp, Deputy Advisor, John V. Dittemore, officers, and students relating to her religious movement. Some of the correspondence includes reply letters from the addressee in the same folder, which is also indicated on the folder front. Also, integrated within the correspondence are letters addressed to and from A.A. Beauchamp, before he was associated with Annie C. Bill. In addition, there are also carbon copies of letters written by astronomers, economist, engineers, inventors, physicists, and a steel magnet to Walter Russell that appear to have no relation to Annie C. Bill. Notable authors include: George W. Baker, Frederick Dixon, Wellesley Tudor Pole, Frederick Lawrence Rawson, and Walter Russell. Ephemera There are 2,129 pieces of ephemera, the majority being related to Annie C. Bill. The first part of the ephemera is applications, brochures, fliers, and tracts that are arranged according to Bill's religious organization that she joined or led. Some of the listed periodicals are only fragments. The remaining ephemera consists of an appointment book, British Museum copyright receipts, Bill's British passport, calling cards, circular letters, empty envelopes, financial records, a greeting card, Kelly's Directories LTD., legal documents, miscellaneous ephemera, newspaper clippings, periodicals, photographs, postcards, and reprints. The two oversize green ephemera boxes contain a notebook, photographs, a poster, rubber stamps, and reprinted articles from the Christian Science Sentinel.
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Manuscripts
The following notes on the Turner papers were compiled after only a three-month examination of those papers. Hence they make no pretense of completeness or accuracy. They are compiled only to serve as a general guide to later users of the papers.The following outline, or index, of the sections of this report that follow may make its use easier:1: Correspondence and DocumentsFrederick Jackson Turner's correspondence, together with certain important documents, has been expertly arranged in a series of flat boxes, each bearing a number, date, and appropriate descriptive designation. Within each box the letters to and from Turner, or the documents, have been placed in folders, each of which bears a descriptive title and date. Arrangement within each box in chronological.The correspondence an document boxes may be conveniently divided into several categories:General correspondence during Turner's life.This is contained in Boxes 1 through 47. Included are letters written by and to Turner between the time of his boyhood and his death on March 14, 1932. Three letters from Woodrow Wilson are present, see descriptions for Boxes 3 and 9. General correspondence, 1932-1956. This is contained in Boxes 48 through 52. Many of the letters in these boxes relate to the efforts of the Huntington Library to assemble the Turner correspondence, to the publication of his posthumous books, etc. A large number are extremely valuable for an understanding of Turner, for they were written by friends and former students who frequently reminisced at length on his virtues. Form of citation: TU Box 48, Correspondence, Apr.-June 10, 1932.Biographical and Autobiographical Material. This is contained in Box 53, a large flat box. Contained in this box are diplomas received by Turner, certificates of membership in learned societies, honorary degrees, and the like. Box 62 also has biographical and genealogical data.Manuscripts and Documents. These are in Boxes 54 through 57, covering the years 1877 to 1932. Materials have been placed in blue folders, each labeled and dated, and arranged in chronological order. The boxes contain some of Turner's earliest historical writings, notes for lectures and seminars, drafts of essays, etc., clippings, and other personal data. For of citation: TU Box 54, Manuscripts & Documents, 1877-1900.The Turner-Hooper correspondence. This is contained in eight boxes, the first seven of which are devoted to letters between Turner and Mrs. William Hooper (Mrs. Alice Forbes Perkins Hooper). Mrs. Hooper, a daughter of Charles Elliott Perkins, president of the Burlington Railroad, and wife of William Hooper of a prominent New England family, became acquainted with Turner when he first moved to Harvard University in 1910. She played a leading financial role in establishing the Harvard Commission on Western History under his guidance. These initial contacts led to a lasting friendship, which endured to the time of Turner's death. Hence this is a unique correspondence, in which he discusses his political beliefs, his writing, his teaching, his reading, and the ordinary events of the day with a frankness that he displayed to few others. The correspondence is essential for biographical purposes, and reveals Turner at his witty best. The eighth box in the series contains letters between Mrs. Hooper and Max Farrand concerning the disposition of the letters after Turner's death. Her comments on Turner's character in these letters are revealing. Form of citation: TU-H Box 1, Turner-Hooper Correspondence, 1910-1912. Also in Turner-Hooper Correspondencs, Boxes A-D: correspondence from other people.Turner Family letters. These are now in Boxes A-K.2: Manuscript VolumesIncluded in the Turner papers are a number of items of importance which have been separately preserved and catalogued. Notes on the contents of each of these volumes follow. Citation is to: TU Volume 1, etc.1. TU Vol. 1, Red Book. This contains letters from students and friends written to Turner a the time he left the University of Wisconsin to go to Harvard. They were solicited by one of his former students, Professor James Alton James. Mounted in a red-colored book, they are normally in the form of holograph letters. Folders in the correspondence boxes refer to each of these letters.2. TU Vol. II, Blue Book. When Turner retired from Harvard, his friends and former students held a dinner in his honor. This was arranged by his students in his seminar for 1923-1924. Letters and telegrams written by friends and former students who could not attend have been arranged in a blue-covered book inscribed: "Frederick Jackson Turner May 24, 1924." In the book also is an envelope holding newspaper clippings dealing with his retirement.3. TU Vol. III (1 & 2), Commonplace Book. These consist of two paper-bound notebooks in which Turner jotted down his thoughts, quotations that appealed to him, rough drafts of orations, and miscellaneous items during the period 1883-1887 when he was a student and graduate student at the University of Wisconsin. This is a valuable collection of materials which indicate his interests and the evolution of his historical concepts.4. TU Vol. IV, A. J. Turner, History of Portage. A volume prepared by Andrew Jackson Turner, Frederick J. Turner's father, entitled: "A History of Portage, Wisconsin: A Talk to the local Women's Club." Typescript, 12 pp., fol. c.1900, bound in hard covers.5. TU Vol. V, Letters of Condolence. Fifty-two letters of condolence and appreciation addressed to Mrs. Frederick Jackson Turner between March 15, 1932 and November 22, 1932. Chronologically arranged in a portfolio, entitled: "Letters of Condolence and Appreciation Addressed to Caroline Mae (Sherwood) Turner, on the death of Her Husband, March 14, 1932."6. TU Vol. VI, Collection of Syllabuses. These include both printed and manuscript syllabuses for period c. 1893 to 1909 on: English history (probably prepared by Professor Allen), The Colonization of North America, and The History of the West. Collected in hard-cover folder labeled: "Collection of Syllabuses: [c.1893-1909].7. TU Vol. VII, Bibliography of United States History. Manuscript bibliography of United States history, 1865-1910, prepared by Turner for his section of the Channing, Hart and Turner, Guide. Additions and corrections have been made in Turner's hand, and by others.8. TU Vol. VIII, Dictionary of American Biography. Turner was a leading instigator in the publication of the Dictionary of American Biography under the sponsorship of the American Council of Learned Societies. This bound volume, collected by Turner, contains most of his correspondence in connection with the project.9. TU Vol. IX, Town and Gown Club. A facsimile of a book entitled "Golden Anniversary Town and Gown, 1878-1928." The Town and Gown Club was an active organization in Madison, Wisconsin, to which Turner belonged. This book contains its records and history during his years of membership. His name is listed, but there are no comments or speeches by him recorded.10. TU Vol. X, Diary and Correspondence Relating to Children. This volume contains several telegrams and letters received by the Turners at the time of the birth of their first daughter, Dorothy Kinsey Turner, on September 1, 1890. It also contains two diaries that Turner kept to record the day-by-day or week-by-week development of his children. The first, describing Dorothy Kinsley Turner, covers the period September 1, 1890 to September 1893. The second, a briefer document, is a diary of Allen Jackson Turner, June 26, 1892 to October, 1892. Handwritten on cheap paper mostly by Mrs. Turner.11. TU Vol. XI, Journal of Camping Trip. A diary kept by Mrs. Frederick Jackson Turner during the summer of 1908 when the Turners camped with Mr. and Mrs. C. R. Van Hise, apparently in the Lake Superior country. Mr. Van Hise was president of the University of Wisconsin. Handwritten in pencil on small sheets of paper.12. TU Vol. XII, Household Account Book. Notebook containing the household accounts, with notes of expenditures, of Mrs. Frederick Jackson Turner, Cambridge, Massachusetts, for rent, food, etc. Covers parts of 1921 and 1922. Written in pen in Mrs. Turner's hand.13. TU Vols. XIII-XVIII, Student Notebooks. Common notebooks kept by Turner when he was a student at the University of Wisconsin. One bears notation: "Prof. Allen Hist. of U.S. Fred. J. Turner, Feb. 17, 1883." The remainder are undated, but presumably of the same period, and probably represent reading and lecture notes compiled in Professor Allen's course or later during Turner's graduate school career at Madison. Two notebooks marked "Am. History I 1492-1763," and "American History II 1763-1789," cover the colonial period. Three more on the "Period of the Republic" deal with aspects of that story: 1) Foreign Relations to 1820, 2) Political history to the Civil War, and 3) The Slavery Controversy to 1876. A final notebook covers the Civil War period, with heavy emphasis on battles.14. TU Vol. XIX, Retiring Allowance Correspondence. Eighteen letters bound in a folder by Turner concerning his allowance on retirement. Included is the letter appointing him to his first teaching post in American history.15. TU Vol. XX, References on the History of the West. Three copies of the Turner and Merk, List of References on the History of the West (1920 and 1922), heavily annotated by Turner.3: File Drawers 1-22These previously consisted of one bank of eighteen wooden, typewriter-size file drawers and four steel file drawers, numbered consecutively from one to twenty-two; now housed in 91 upright holinger boxes, numbered 1-22 and subdivided in consecutive letters. They contain the wide variety of materials accumulated by Professor Turner during his lifetime of reading American history: reading notes, occasional lecture notes, student papers, clippings from newspapers and magazines, maps that he prepared or found useful, offprints, magazine articles, and sections of books torn apart to e inserted at appropriate spots. Reference should be made to: TU File Drawer No. 1A, 1B, etc.A rough and tentative list of the contents of the various drawers follows:File Drawers 1 through 9. These contain materials noted above dealing with the period from early Colonial times to 1850. Contents of the separate drawers are as follows:File Drawer No. 1. New England, 1492-1659; Middle Colonies, 1492-1659, South, 1492-1659, the West, 1492-1659; New England, 1660-1689; Middle Colonies, 1660-1689.File Drawer No. 2. South, 1660-1689; General, 1690-1763; Middle Atlantic, 1690-1763; South, 1690-1763; New England, 1690-1763.File Drawer No. 3. South, 1690-1763; West, 1690-1763; Far West, 1690-1763; General, 1761-1782; New England, 1764-1782; Middle Atlantic, 1764-1782.File Drawer No. 4. West, 1764-1782; General, 1783-1788; New England, 1783-1788; Middle Atlantic, 1783-1788; West, 1783-1788.File Drawer No. 5. General, 1789-1818.File Drawer No. 6. General, 1789-1818 continued.File Drawer No. 7. New England, 1789-1818; Middle Atlantic, 1789-1818; South, 1789-1818; West, 1789-1818; General, 1819-1829; New England, 1819-1829.File Drawer No. 8. Middle Atlantic, 1819-1829; South, 1818-1829; Middle West, 1819-1829; Far West, 1818-1829; General, 1830-1850.File Drawer No. 9. General, 1830-1850, continued.File drawer No. 10. This drawer, which is seemingly out of sequence, was found to contain far more useful material than the earlier drawers. Principally important are the lecture notes and completed lectures, especially those for the History of Liberty series given at Harvard University shortly after World War I. In these Turner reviewed many of his ideas concerning the nature of American society and its political institutions, often dwelling on his frontier and sectionalism themes in doing so. The drawer also contains notes for his lectures on political map studies, as well as a large number of maps that he apparently used for illustrative purposes while lecturing. The reading notes interspersed among these materials are largely for the 1830-1850 period.File Drawers 11 and 12. In these Professor Turner returned to his chronological sequence, as follows:File Drawer No. 11. New England, 1830-1850; Middle Atlantic, 1830-1850; South, 1830-1820; Middle West, 1830-1850; Far West, 1830-1850; General, 1851-1865.File Drawer No. 12. New England, 1851-1865; Middle Atlantic, 1851-1865; South, 1851-1865; Middle West, 1851-1865; Far West, 1851-1865.File Drawer No. 13. This, too, is seemingly out of place, a position probably explained by the fact that its contents were little used, and hence were relegated to the lowest level. It contains nothing but the research notes accumulated by Turner for his never-completed biography of George Rogers Clark.File Drawer No. 14. This drawer, and File Drawer No. 15, are the two most important for any student of Turner's historical concepts. Drawer No. 14 was apparently that occasionally referred to by Turner in his correspondence as the "Sectionalism" drawer; Drawer No. 15 he also sometimes designated as the "Frontier" drawer. The division, however, is by no means exact, and both drawers contain extremely valuable material on both subjects. In this drawer are the drafts, in various stages of completion, of several of his articles on sectionalism, notes and manuscripts of speeches, fragments of writing on the section, and the like. The materials have been placed in folders and many of them labeled.File Drawer No. 15. The contents of this drawer are even more important than those of Drawer No. 14 for a study of Turner as historian. It contains drafts of several of his articles, a number of speeches, essays in various stages of composition, and a wide range of biographical materials. Most of the items have been placed in folders, and labeled, many in the handwriting of Fulmer Mood. Any student with limited time available would do well to begin with this drawer, proceed to File Drawer No. 14 and to File Drawer 10, and then spend such time as remained on the other drawers in this bank.File Drawers 16 through 21. In these drawers Professor Turner filed the results of his reading and research on the period since 1866. They contain the usual items: reading notes, offprints, segments of books, articles, magazine clippings, maps, student notes, student papers, and an unusually large number of newspaper clippings, kept by Turner in his avid reading of contemporary events. Virtually the only material prepared by Turner in these drawers is his reading notes, and the drafts, usually first or second, of the sections that he prepared for the Channing, Hart and Turner Guide. There is little of interest on his frontier or sectional concepts, but the drawers do illustrate his catholic tastes, and his wide reading. Occasional research notes are buried midst the clippings, together with maps and charts that he probably used in teaching. The material emphasized in individual drawers is as follows:File Drawer No. 16. General, 1866 to present. File Drawer No. 17. General, 1866 to present. File Drawer No. 18. General, 1866 to present. File Drawer No. 19. General, 1866 to present.File Drawer No. 20. New England, 1866 to present; Middle Atlantic, 1866 to present; South, 1866 to present; Middle West, 1866 to present. The bulk to the contents are in the latter category. At rear a few miscellaneous items, including skyscraper book.File Drawer No. 21. The West, 1866 to present. In this drawer materials are arranged topically, under railroads, mining, cattlemen, agrarian movements, and the like. Many of the books and articles have been annotated or underlined by Turner, with his usual red pencil. At the rear of the drawer are several folders marked "Miscellany" which contain a variety of reading notes, bibliography, etc., dealing with an earlier period.File Drawer No. 22. In this drawer are the lecture notes apparently used by Professor Turner during his last teaching days at Harvard. The first portion contains notes for a course that begins about 1860 and continues through Reconstruction; the latter portion contains his notes for the second half of History 39, spring semester, 1924. These cover the period 1880 to 1920. The notes for each lecture are usually in rough form, with tables, maps and charts drawn by Turner to use as illustrative material, and the like. In only a few instances are the lectures written out in complete form.4: File Drawers A-LThese previously consisted of one bank of twelve steel file drawers, typewriter paper size, numbered consecutively A through L; now housed in 45 upright holinger boxes, numbered A-L and subdivided in consecutive numbers. They contain (with one exception noted below) the materials used by Professor Turner in writing his last book, The United States, 1830-1850. Included are, in most instances, his reading notes, outlines and fragments in Turner's hand, student theses, seminar reports, rough drafts of maps, charts, and elaborate tables and statistical data on which the maps were based. Rough drafts of the various parts of chapters are also to be found in some of the drawers.A rough and tentative listing of the contents of the various drawers follows: (Cited as TU File Drawer A1, A2... etc.)File Drawer A. [In folders at the front of the drawer are the correspondence between the Huntington Library and Henry Holt & Co. concerning the publishing of the book, and the accounts of Merrill H. Crissey, Professor Turner's secretary.] *All Holt correspondence has been placed in TU Box 63.* Then follow drafts of the chapters, usually typed carbons heavily corrected in Turner's hand. Drafts of the introduction and some other parts of chapters are in Turner's hand. Each chapter is accompanied by a series of notes and memoranda by the editors, which admirably illustrate the problems of posthumous publication. File Drawer B. This contains the rough data and Turner's notes for political developments during the period covered by the book. The large quantities of statistical data gathered by Professor Turner as the basis for his analysis of elections and for the maps of elections and congressional votes provide admirable evidence of the factual basis for each of his generalizations. This evidence was too voluminous to be shown in footnotes.File Drawer C. The material contained in this drawer deals largely with the public issues of the Jackson-Tyler administrations: nullification, the tariff, the bank war, the independent treasury, foreign relations, etc. Included are many copies of documents from archives in the United States and Europe, in addition to the usual reading notes, seminar reports, offprints, etc.File Drawer D. Included in this drawer are materials for the later political history of the period 1830-1850. Reading notes, maps, seminar reports, offprints, documents, etc. are supplemented by a few of Turner's rough-draft chapters extending through the Polk Administration. The rear of the drawer contains materials not yet reduced to written form when death intervened, extending the story to 1850.File Drawer E. In this drawer are various drafts of the manuscripts for the Lowell Institute Lectures that Turner delivered in Boston in 1918 on "The United States and its Sections, 1830-1850." Because many pages of the lectures were later removed to be incorporated in "the" book, most of the lectures are not complete. Enough of them remain to indicate the scope and interpretation of the subject.File Drawer F. This is devoted to materials for the chapter of the North Central States, 1830-1850. In contains a draft of the chapter, as well as the usual notes, maps, reading materials, etc. Specific items such as the effect of glaciation, population movements, the cost of moving west, and the like, illustrate again the staggering amount of evidence that underlay each generalization in the final draft.File Drawer G. This is also devoted exclusively to materials on the North Central States, with notes, memos, and manuscript drafts on such topics a agriculture, transportation, business, banking,and the land system. These are a number of preliminary drafts in Turner's hand of sections on canals, and other small parts of the whole.File Drawer H. In this drawer are comparable materials dealing with the political and cultural history of the North Central States, 1830-1850.File Drawer I. This drawer contains reading notes and similar materials for the first five chapters of the book: the introduction, the United States in 1830, and the discussions of New England, the Middle Atlantic states, and the South Atlantic states. In each case various drafts of the chapters or fragments of chapters are filed with the other notes.File Drawer J. In this are comparable materials for the chapters on the South Central states and for Texas and the Far West. There are no drafts of chapters included, but fragments of drafts are tucked in with the other materials.File Drawer K. This is devoted to materials on the Far West that formed a basis for the latter part of the Texas and Far West chapter. The usual reading notes, theses, pamphlets, offprints, etc. deal with such subjects as Indians, trade, settlement of Oregon, etc.File Drawer L. Largely compiled after Turner's death, and having little relation to the other materials in this bank of drawers, this drawer deals largely with the preparation posthumously of Turner's book of essays on Sections in American History. Included is the correspondence between the editors and Henry Holt & Co., the publishers, a folder of permissions from prior publishers of the materials, copies of each of the original essays sent to the publishers to be reproduced, and a variety of materials on sectionalism that have no connection with the book: many maps by Turner, one manuscript on sectionalism, jottings by Turner on the subject, offprints, articles, and similar materials on the subject.5. Contents of 3 x 5 FilesThe following brief notes on the contents of the drawers are based only on a hurried examination, and are tentative. They are designed only to provide some introduction to a 778 rather complex note-taking system. Citation: 3 x 5 File Drawer No. 1.Drawer No. 1. Internal evidence (handwriting, a few scattered dates, etc.) suggests that this drawer was compiled and used in the 1890's and to about 1904. It contains bibliographical notes and brief reading notes on the social and economic history of the United States, and was perhaps compiled in connection with Professor Turner's course on that subject, given at the University of Wisconsin. A number of notes suggest the type of reading that he was doing at the time of the preparation of the "Frontier" essay. At the rear of the drawer is a section on "Immigration" apparently of the same period. This was possible collected when he was preparing the articles on immigration for the Chicago Record-Herald, August-October, 1901.Drawer No. 2. This drawer was also probably compiled during Turner's early teaching career. Material has been added later, however, distinguished by a later handwriting and differing paper types. Most of the cards contain bibliographical or reading notes, with the emphasis on sovereignty and nationalism. The Revolutionary Period receives most attention, but early social compacts are included as well as some later periods. Probably these notes were connected with Turner's course on American Constitutional History, given at Wisconsin.Drawer No. 3. A calendar prepared by Turner of three collections of manuscripts in the Library of Congress: the James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Albert Gallatin papers. Individual cards, arranged chronologically, describe each manuscript item.Drawer No. 4. A similar compilation and abstracting of the papers of James Barbour, Rufus King, and George Clinton, with a chronological arrangement employed under the heading of each individual. The latter portion of this drawer also contains a series of bibliography cards on American newspapers, and others on American public figures in the period 1820-1850.Drawer No. 5. This drawer contains a bibliography for the period 1820-1830. Arrangement is topical, with headings under "Gazetteers," "Newspapers," etc.Drawer No. 6. A chronological file of the period 1820-1830. Cards are arranged by year, and sometimes even by month within the yearly division. Most of the cards contain brief notes on research, dealing with all of the public issues of the day. (Note: for the probable use of this material by Turner in his writing, see note on his methodology, below, immediately after the description of Drawer No. 21).Drawer No. 7. This drawer contains research and bibliographical notes for the period 1820-1830, as does Drawer No. 6. Those in this drawer are, for the most part, arranged by subject, and deal largely with social, economic, and political events during the decade.Drawer No. 8. In this drawer Turner has arranged his biographical notes on which he based his essay on "The Children of the Pioneers." The first card in the box has a brief note in Turner's hand suggesting the method that he was to follow. The drawer is especially interesting in revealing the staggering amount of detailed work that underlay his statements.Drawer No. 9. Internal evidence suggests that this drawer, and those that follow, were for the most part arranged by Turner in his Harvard period. This drawer contains bibliographical material and brief research notes on the period from the Civil War to the 1880's, largely during the Grant and Hayes Administrations. Within each presidential administration, material is arranged under topical headings: "labor," "tariff," etc.Drawer No. 10. The contents of this drawer are comparable to those for Drawer No. 9, but for the period of the Harrison and Cleveland Administrations. Bibliographical information and brief reading notes are arranged topically.Drawer No. 11. Bibliographical and reading notes, arranged topically, for the period since 1900.Drawer No. 12. This contains a variety of material, largely bibliographic. Included, moving from the front to the rear of the drawer, are: a topical bibliography for the period 1865-1910, a bibliography on economic history, largely in this period, a bibliography on immigration and racial groups, apparently compiled later than that in Drawer No. 1; a small packet of cards held by a clip containing notes that appear to be related to Turner's early research and thought on sectionalism; and a miscellaneous bibliography dealing largely with the period 1865-1900.Note: The remaining drawers in the file were those used by Turner in writing his United States, 1830-1850. Their purpose will be made clear only after reading the following note on Turner's methodology and writing techniques. This was sent by Merrill H. Crissey, his secretary, to Avery Craven, on July 5, 1932, and is in TU Box 49, Correspondence, June 11-Dec., 1933:"Throughout the dictated portion of the book (including all the chapters on Presidential Administrations), the procedure, in the case of each chapter, was, first, to make a chronological card file of the raw material. Earlier researches had yielded a mass of notes, partly on cards (3" x 5", white), partly on paper. The former were at once put into a pasteboard-box file, by date; the latter were transferred to cards, which likewise went into the file. Additional cards were then prepared; material for these came from both secondary works (general histories and biographies --for a skeleton of events --and special studies deemed valuable for a particular phase of the narrative) and sources (principally the writings of political leaders, the debates in Congress, and contemporary journals). Guide cards, in color, were used for the years and months. Subject tabs (improved from gummed manila paper) were affixed to note cards bearing on topics or events of chief importance. This arrangement of notes made it easy to bring together material on any outstanding subject an d facilitated correlations. The file of notes was supplemented by sectional tabulations of Presidential-election votes and important votes in Congress."Crissey goes on to explain that Turner dictated from these notes, with the first draft recorded in triple-space; the resulting manuscript was then corrected and revised in several more versions.The following listing of the contents of drawers used in the compilation of this book uses the words employed by Turner in labeling each of the cardboard boxes from which the notes were transferred to the metal file cases:Drawer No. 13. "Correlation 1827-35."Drawer No. 14. "Campaign 1836 and Topics."Drawer No. 15. "1836 by States."Drawer No. 16. "1837."Drawer No. 17. "1838, 1839, 1840."Drawer No. 18. "1841-1843."Drawer No. 19. "Administration of James K. Polk, 1845-1849." In addition to the research notes referred to in Mr. Crissey's note above, the drawers of this series contain occasional small maps drawn by Turner, usually of congressional votes.6: Black Boxes Nos. 1-14The materials in these fourteen black boxes were apparently arranged by Merrill H. Crissey, Professor Turner's secretary, either before or after Turner's death. They consist of offprints, clippings from magazines and newspapers, pamphlets, small booklets, and an occasional student paper. Many of the items have been heavily underlined or annotated by Turner, and are valuable in indicating the nature of his historical reading and thinking. The items are numbered throughout, in Crissey's hand, from 1 to 298; the numbers that follow the drawer numbers below refer to this classification. Suggested form of citation: TU Black Box No. 1 (1-25), Item 1.Box No. 1 (1-25). Material dealing with the origin and outbreak of the Civil War. In some instances heavily annotated and with side comments by Turner.Box No. 2 (26-40). Continuation of materials on the Civil War. In addition to the usual offprints, clippings, pamphlets, etc., this box contains three student papers prepared in Turner's courses.Box No. 3 (41-64). A continuation of Civil War materials, with emphasis on military events. one student paper, from Turner's Harvard period, is included.Box No. 4 (65-83). Largely magazine clippings, but with a few additional items, dealing with the military history of the Civil War. Greatest emphasis is on the Battle of Gettysburg.Box No. 5 (84-100). A continuation of materials on the military history of the Civil War, with later battles emphasized.Box No. 6 (101-110). Materials dealing with diplomatic aspects of the Civil War.Box No. 7 (111-138). Reprints, pamphlets, clippings and the like concerning the early phases of Reconstruction, and particularly the administration of Andrew Johnson.Box No. 8 (139-159). A continuation of materials of reconstruction, with some also on the purchase of Alaska.Box No. 9 (160-168). Miscellaneous materials, having little relationship to contents of earlier boxes. Two items deserve special mention. One is a series of pages clipped from the 1890 census report containing the well-known passage on the closing of the frontier, underlined by Turner. The other is an 1891 advance sheet on the 1890 census, dealing with the spread of population between 1790-1890. (Items 163 and 164).Box No. 10 (169-206). Pamphlets, magazine articles, and newspaper clippings on technological developments and especially on the depletion of natural resources in relation to growing population needs. Source materials for Clark University address.Box No. 11 (207-228). Materials dealing with political history after Reconstruction, and emphasizing the Progressive Period. The last items are on labor and immigration history and policies for the period.Box No. 12 (229-249). Materials on labor are continued from the last box; this box also contains items on the South in the twentieth century. Newspaper clippings are more numerous than in many earlier boxes.Box No. 13 (250-274). Beginning with a few items on the South, this box also contains some materials on the Pacific Northwest and the northern Great Plains. A few items deal with foreign policy in the twentieth century.Box No. 14 (275-298). Clippings predominate in this box, on politics in the 1880s and 1920s.7: MiscellaneousThe following items are included in the collection of Turner papers:Maps. Maps drawn or used by Turner are in two filing-case size drawers. These include many political maps of others of a like nature used to illustrate his sectionalism concept. Note: In addition to the maps in these two drawers, hundreds of others are scattered through the large file drawers containing his research and reading notes.Student Thesis. One large file drawer contains a number of theses prepared in Turner's classes and seminars. These have been arranged alphabetically and labeled by Merrill H. Crissey, Mr. Turner's secretary. They have also been dated where this is possible. Note: Many other theses, term papers, and seminar reports prepared in Professor Turner's classes are scattered through File Drawers 1-22 and A-L.Lantern Slides. The lantern slides used by Turner in his teaching and lectures. Many of the slides are of political maps, elections, congressional votes, etc., prepared by Turner. Also includes 7 wooden boxes that slides were originally housed in.Ephemera. Miscellaneous materials having only a remote connection to Turner's career as teacher or scholar have been assembled in a flat cardboard box labeled "Ephemera." Included are many of the advertisements and similar material received through the mails after his death.8: Index cards These index cards consist of typewritten and handwritten notes regarding Turner and Western history.
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