Opening Hours
Daily: 10 A.M.–5 P.M.
Closed on Tuesdays
1151 Oxford Road
San Marino, CA 91108
Understory plant groups include bromeliads, gingers, heliconias, ferns, cycads, bamboos, bananas, palms, begonias, clivias, and aroids (philodendrons, monstera, anthuriums).
In their natural habitats, epiphytes such as bromeliads, ferns, and orchids have unusual adaptations; unlike parasites, they grow on other plants without harming the host. They obtain their nutrients from bird droppings, plant debris, and dust, and their water from rain, fog, and dew. In the Jungle Garden they are mostly grown as terrestrial plantings.
Ferns produce no flowers, seeds, or cones. Their sexual cycle depends on the production of spores on the undersides of the leaves and the growth of a plantlet. Tree ferns have perennial stems and are not capable of increasing in diameter.
Vines climb trees to reach the light. Lianas are large, woody climbing plants characteristic of tropical forests.
Cycads are ancient plants with a fossil history reaching back a quarter billion years. They range from small plants with underground stems to large plants with trunks that may reach more than sixty feet in height. Cycads are gymnosperms (plants with “naked seeds” not enclosed by an ovary), reproduce by cones, and are dioecious. Cones are either male or female and are never found together on the same plant. Cycads have three types of roots: 1) taproots, 2) secondary roots, and 3) coralloid roots (specialized roots near the soil surface containing blue-green algae that help in nitrogen fixation).
Palms are monocots, which means that their seeds have one seed leaf, called a cotyledon. Palms do not have secondary thickening and are the largest monocotyledons found in most tropical forests. Most palms in the Jungle are shade-loving. Some of the species found in the Jungle Garden are Caryota urens, Howea forsteriana, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, and more. Understory jungle palms, especially Chamaedorea spp., native to tropical America—the Bamboo Palm (C. seifrizii) and Parlor Palm (C. elegans)—are popular houseplants. The palms in the Jungle Garden are from more tropical areas and are less sun tolerant compared with those in the Palm Garden.